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Unit – 19

This is very important structure among all since you have to ask hundreds of questions in your normal life as we answer many questions when others ask.

There are two ways to ask questions:

1.     Questions starting with “Helping Verb” (H.V.)

2.     Questions starting with “Main Verb” (M.V.)

We have already seen the structure of questions starting with Helping Verb in the structures of Tenses.  But here is a common structure for convenience that changes according to the tense.

STRUCTURE – 19

Basic Structure:  H.V. + Sub. + M.V. + Obj.?

 

Important:

·        H.V. and M.V. will change according to the tense.  All the helping verbs of all the tenses are specifically given with the structures.

·        The answer of this structure may be given either in ‘yes’ or ‘no’ only or short responses (structure: 22) may be used in this case.

Exercise

Examples:

·         Do you like sweets?

·         Is he interfering in this matter?

·         Has she spoken anything about the annual function?

·         Did you abuse your cousin?

·         Will they attend this conference?

Speak sentences of this structure using all these structures and the following main verb. Try using the adverbs and adjective as well.

Translate sentences	Solve sums
Smoke the whole day	Give opinion
Visit temple	Prefer tea
Annoy
Water plants
Consult problems
Fly kites

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Unit – 18

This structure is used when the action is not done by you but you make work done by other.   The same condition is with the structure of ‘make’ but this is the passive structure.

STRUCTURE – 18

Basic Structure:  Sub. + H.V. (if any) + get/have (form) + Indirect Obj + V III form + by +Obj.

 

Example:  I have got the room decorated by the peon.

Important:

·        The form of ‘get/have’ depends on tense i.e. in case of present tense V I or  I s/es, past indefinite V II form, Present cont. is, are, am + VI ing and so on.

·        Main verb and Helping verb will depend on tense. There is no particular tense for this. Example: get, gets, is getting, have got, got, had go, will get etc.

·        The main action/work will be in III form only.

·        This structure is already in passive therefore there will be no passive of this structure.

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Unit – 17

The structure of ‘make’ is used when any action is not done by the subject rather somebody else.  For example:

He makes me cook food.

Here cooking is done by ‘me’ not by ‘he.’  ‘He’ is a medium to get that work done.

STRUCTURE – 17

Basic Structure:  Sub. + H.V. (if any) + form of make + Indirect Obj + V I form + Obj.

 

Passive: Indirect Obj + H.V. + made + to+ V I form + Obj.+ by + Sub.

Important:

·        The form of make depends on tense i.e. in case of present tense V I or  I s/es, past indefinite V II form, Present cont. is, are, am + VI ing and so on.

·        Main verb and Helping verb will depend on tense. There is no particular tense for this. Example: make, makes, is/are/am making, has/have made, made, was/were making, had made, will/shall make etc.

·        The main action/work will be in I form only.

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Unit – 16

This structure is used to talk about the action that will take place in near future.  It is used in both present and past tense. 

Adverbs of future indefinite will be used in this structure.

STRUCTURE – 16

Basic Structure     :        Sub. + be + going to / about to+ V I form + Obj.

 

Affirmative                              :          Sub. + Be verb + going to / about to + V I form + Obj.

Negative                                  :          Sub + be + not  + going to / about to + V I form + Obj.

Interrogative                           :          Be  verb + Sub.  + going to / about to +  V I form + Obj.?

Interrogative Negative            :          Be verb + Sub. + going to / about to + V I form + Obj.?

Passive                                      :          Obj + Be verb + going to/about to+ be +V III form + by + Sub

Important:

Be verbs include 

V I form – is, are, am (in present tense)

VII form – was, were (in past tense)

Exercise

A.     

Affirmative                            :            She is going to dance in the annual function.

Negative                                 :           She is not going to dance in the annual function.

Interrogative                          :           Is she going to dance in the annual function?

Interrogative Negative          :           Is she not going to dance in the annual function?

Now speak sentences of this structure using all these structures and the following main verb. Try using the adverbs and adjective as well.

Leave this city	Put on this dress
Join this party	Ring all friends
Celebrate all festivals
Campaign for him
Arrive here
Give away prizes
Give up this plan

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Unit – 15

In this structure you speak about the action that you will do in future but under some compulsion.

Important:

Future indefinite has to be used in this structure.

STRUCTURE – 15

Basic Structure     :        Sub. + will have to + V I form + Obj.

 

Affirmative                              :          Sub. + will have to + V I form + Obj.

Negative                                  :          Sub + will + not + have to + V I form + Obj.

Interrogative                           :          Will + Sub + have to + V I form + Obj.?

Interrogative Negative            :          Will + Sub + not + have to + V I form + Obj.?

Passive                                      :          Obj. + will  to + be + V III form + by + Sub.

Exercise

A.   To practice this structure, you have to take some actions that you have to do in future but you have to do under some compulsion.  Just imagine some actions and keep speaking continuously.   You may use the main verb word list give in unit…

B.    

Affirmative                            :           They will have to meet the principal for this

Negative                                 :           They will not have to meet the principal for this

Interrogative                          :           Will they have to meet the principal for this?

Interrogative Negative          :           Will they not have to meet the principal for this?

Now speak sentences of this structure using all these structures and the following main verb. Try using the adverbs and adjective as well.

Call for meeting	Get up soon
Collect opinion	Buy tickets in advance
Consult with doctor
Turn down proposal
Grab this opportunity
Write a letter
Congratulate them

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Unit – 14

This tense is used to tell about the action that you did under compulsion in past.

Important:

Past Indefinite tense has to be used in this structure.

STRUCTURE – 14

Basic Structure     :        Sub. + had to + V I form + Obj.

 

Affirmative                              :          Sub. + had to + V I form + Obj.

Negative                                  :          Sub + did + not + have to + V I form + Obj.

Interrogative                           :          Did + Sub + have to + V I form + Obj.?

Interrogative Negative            :          Did + Sub + not + have to + V I form + Obj.?

Passive                                      :          Obj. + had  to + be + V III form + by + Sub.

Important:

While using ‘did’ helping verb, ‘have to’ is used in the structure.

Important:

In Spoken English, while speaking interrogative negative, we can use the following structure

Did + not +Sub + have to + V I form + Obj.?

Did she not have to change her dress?

Didn’t she have to change her dress?  (Colloquial structure)

Exercise

A.   To practice this structure, you simply take some action that you did not want to do in past but you did under some compulsion.  Just imagine some actions and keep speaking continuously.   You may use the main verb word list give in unit…

B.    

Affirmative                            :           I had to tolerate his misbehavior.

Negative                                 :           I did not have to tolerate his misbehavior.

Interrogative                          :           Did you have to tolerate his misbehavior?

Interrogative Negative          :           Did you not have to tolerate his misbehavior?

Now speak sentences of this structure using all these structures and the following main verb. Try using the adverbs and adjective as well.

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Unit – 13

This structure is used to show two things:

·        Future

He has to leave for Delhi tomorrow.

·        Some compulsion

I have to wash my clothes.

This means that you do not want to wash but you are under compulsion to do this.

Important:

Present Indefinite tense has to be used in this structure.

STRUCTURE – 13

Basic Structure     :        Sub. + has to / have to + V I form + Obj.

 

Affirmative                              :          Sub. + has to /have to + V I form + Obj.

Negative                                  :          Sub + do /does + not + have to + V I form + Obj.

Interrogative                           :          Do/does + Sub + have to + V I form + Obj.?

Interrogative Negative            :          Do/does + Sub + not + have to + V I form + Obj.?

Passive                                      :          Obj. + has to/ have to + be + V III form + by + Sub.

Important:

·         In ‘interrogative’ and ‘negative’ sentence, only ‘have to’ is used.

·         In Spoken English, while speaking interrogative negative, we can use the following structure

Do/does + not +Sub + have to + V I form + Obj.?

Do you not have to take help of your neighbor?

Don’t you have to take help of your neighbor?  (Colloquial structure)

Exercise

A.   In our daily life we quite often do the works that we do not like but still we have to.  You have to speak about those works that you have to do under compulsion without any break.

B.   Speak about the works that you have planned to do in near future and speak out those task.  You may use imagination to think about any action.  This imagination based practice will improve you a lot.

C.    

Affirmative                            :           You have to conduct this ceremony.

Negative                                 :           You do not have to conduct this ceremony.

Interrogative                          :           Do you have to conduct this ceremony?

Interrogative Negative          :           Do you not have to conduct this ceremony?

Now speak sentences of this structure using all these structures and the following main verb. Try using the adverbs and adjective as well.