spoken english and rajasthan board syllabus matter

Unit - 3

It is used to express the action that has just happened, the action that has its effect at present and the action that cannot happen in present now.

The following adverbs are used with this tense:

Just, Already, Ever, Never, Recently, Hardly, Scarcely, Barely etc.

          STRUCTURE – 3

Basic Structure     :        Sub. + has/have + V III form + Obj.

 

Affirmative                            :           Sub. + has/have + Verb III form + Obj.

Negative                                 :           Sub. + has/have + not + Verb III form + Obj.

Interrogative                          :           Has/have + Sub. + Verb III form + Obj.?

Interrogative Negative          :           Has/have + Sub. + not + Verb III form + Obj.?

Passive                                    :           Obj. + has/have + being + been + Verb III form + by + Sub.

Singular Subjects: He, She, It, Singular noun as Rohit, Rajesh etc.

·        Helping Verb: Has

Plural Subjects: I, We, You, They, and Plural nouns as people, boys, colleges.

·        Helping Verb: Have

Important:

In Spoken English, while speaking interrogative, we can use the following structure

Has/Have + not + Sub. + V III form + Obj.?

Have you not dined with him ever?

Haven’t you dined with him ever? (Colloquial structure)

Important:

Never use exact time with Present Perfect tense, exact time is used with Past Indefinite.

I have taken lunch at 11 pm. (wrong use)

I have taken lunch a few minutes back. (right use)

I took lunch at 11 pm. (right use)

A.    Speak the sentence to tell about the work you or anybody has just done. Imagine the sentences.

Examples:

I have just dispatched him a letter

She has just taken her dinner.

They have left home right now.

My brother has just scolded me.

He has just met me.

B.      

Affirmative                            :           Michael has read the instructions.                  

Negative                                 :           Michael has not read the instructions.

Interrogative                          :           Has Michael read the instructions?

Interrogative Negative          :           Has Michael not read the instructions?

Passive                                    :           The instructions have been read by Michael.

Now speak sentences of Present Perfect Tense using all these structures and the following main verb. Try using the adverbs as well.

Read this article	Paint a picture	Pluck flowers
Deliver speech	Sell the computer	See such movie
Play tennis	Abuse colleagues	Talk so silly
Shout slogans	Chant hymns	Received a letter
Invite guests	Break traffic rules	Joined the job
Arrange party	Swim in river	Fail in exam
Celebrate festivals	Distribute coins	Insult teachers